PCOD

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam. Infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity can all occur in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In adolescents, infrequent or absent menstruation may raise suspicion for the condition. The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Causes:

• Weight gain(commonest)
• Genetic
• Thyroid and prolactin disorders
• Rarely associated with certain hormonal disorders( congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

Symptoms

• acne
• Weight gain
• Excess body hair
• Hair fall
• Menstrual irregularity, including delayed periods, less flow, excess flow , continuous flow etc.
• Infertility

When to treat

• inability to conceive after one year of trying
• Serious menstrual issues leading to low haemoglobin
• Excess hair and acne causing cosmetic problem

Tests and diagnosis

• Sonography
• FSH ,LH ,TSH,Prolactin , serum testosterone
• AMH

TREATMENT

Treatment of the patient varies according to symptoms

• Weight loss and lifestyle changes is the 1st line treatment
• Oral contraceptives for menstrual issues
• Dermatological and hormonal treatment for hair and acne
• For Fertility , ovulation induction with medicine is the first line treatment
• Laparoscopic ovarian drilling can be done

Complications

• Endometrial cancer
• Diabetes and hypertension
• GDM
• PIH
• Ovarian cancer if Medicines are not taken judiciously