What is an Ovarian Cyst

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside the ovary. Most cysts are harmless and resolve on their own without treatment. However, some cysts can grow larger, cause pain, affect fertility, or lead to complications if not treated at the right time.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

Functional Cysts

• Most common type
• Develop during the menstrual cycle
• Usually disappear naturally

Dermoid Cysts (Teratomas)

• May contain hair, skin, or tissue
• Can grow larger over time

Endometriomas

• Associated with endometriosis
• Often cause pelvic pain

Cystadenomas

• Develop on the ovarian surface
• May become large and uncomfortable

Common Symptoms

• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
• Bloating or abdominal fullness
• Irregular periods
• Pain during intercourse
• Frequent urination
• Sudden severe pain (in case of rupture or torsion)

Causes & Risk Factors

• Hormonal imbalance
• Pregnancy
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic infections/li>
• Previous ovarian cysts

Diagnosis

Doctors may recommend:

• Ultrasound Scan (to detect size and type)
• Pelvic examination
• Blood tests (CA-125 in selected cases)
• MRI/CT scan if needed/li>

Treatment Options

Observation (Watchful Waiting)

Small, symptom-free cysts are monitored with regular ultrasound scans.

Medications

Hormonal contraceptives may help prevent new cyst formation.

Laparoscopic Surgery

Minimally invasive procedure to remove large or persistent cysts while preserving the ovary whenever possible.

Advanced Surgical Management

Recommended if cyst is large, painful, suspicious, or affecting fertility.